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Despite of complex problem of transfer and modification of cognitive communicative technologies into the virtual, on-line sphere, cognitive technologies in education and training are key factors in the development of transversal competences as the base of the European educational policy. In general, the main goal of education is to adopt student to the success activities in the complex, non-stabile society (do not forget about challenges of the virtual and augmented realities). To date, no consensus has been reached for referring to non-academic skills, non-cognitive skills, 21st century skills, or transversal competencies, and this is reflected in the reports from the respective countries and economies. In the report from the Philippines, the term used is "non-cognitive skills." In its report "Future Work Skills 2020" the Phoenix Research Institute has identified these transversal skills and defined them in ten large blocks

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Educational Cognitive Technologies as Human Adaptation Strategies by Marja Nesterova

of competences." These competences are as follows: Sense-Making, Social Intelligence, Adaptation thinking: Intercultural competences, Computational thinking, Transdisciplinarity, Design mentality, Cognitive load management, Virtual collaboration [Future Work Skills 2020].

The European educational policy oriented to develop these important and useful skills. Some of them are well-known but changed a little. Therefore, strategic thinking is very important cognitive competence but it is transferred to the more complex and actual competence of Sense-Making. We can define it as the ability to find the deepest or most significant meaning of what is being expressed. That means the competence to synthesize the key points that help to create a unique viewpoint before taking decisions. This is sort of "mix" between strategic thinking, proper decision-making and creativity. Moreover, Interactive Visual Communicative

Technologies should be the most important tool in the process of development and dissemination of sense.

The integral parameters of successful interpersonal communications are base of the competence of Social Intelligence: the ability to connect with other people deeply and directly, to detect and stimulate the desired reactions and interactions. Socially intelligent employees know how to rapidly evaluate the emotions of people around them and adapt their words, tone and gestures. As a result, this is a key skill for working together and building relationships of trust, and it is necessary for getting along with groups of people in different contexts.

The information society demands the competence of Computational thinking: the ability to translate large amounts of data into abstract concepts and understand reasoning based on data. As the quantity of data that we have available to us increases exponentially, many more functions will require computational thinking skills in order to make sense of this information In the "behavior economics", with its management of cognitive patterns of social activities, there is actual the competence of Mastering the new media: the ability to evaluate critically and develop content that uses the new media forms, using those media for persuasive communication.

The coming generation of workers will have to have fluent competences in differing formats such as video, be capable of "reading" and evaluating information critically, and communicating it through a number of different channels. The unexpected growth of non-professional video blogging could be considered as the additional prove of the above trend.

The complex social reality demands from young and adult learners becoming experts in recognizing what way of thinking each task requires and reconditioning the working environments to improve that ability to carry them out. It means that the competence of Design mentality is very important for the successful adaptation. This competence is the ability to represent and develop tasks and work processes in order to get results. In addition, this competence means the ability of new way of thinking - to design the mental process before the appearance of cognitive tasks. It is important to notice that these cognitive tasks could be multiply and nonrelated. Therefore, it proves that in the conditions of unlimited flows and dimensions of information extremely useful the competence of Cognitive loads management: the ability to discriminate and filter out the important information, and to understand how to make the most of current knowledge using a variety of tools and techniques. Young and adult learners have to develop their own techniques to deal with the problem of cognitive overload.

In the nearest future will be the most appropriate competence of Virtual collaboration: the ability to work productively, to enhance participation, and demonstrate a presence as a member of a virtual team now that ICT makes it easier than ever to work, share ideas and be productive in spite of physical separation [Future Work Skills 2020].

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There is very important direction of the development of transversal competences - implementation of their forming into the educational processes. Trends and challenges in integrating transversal competencies into education should be considered and applied in the modern educational policy.

All terms broadly refer to the adaptation skills, competencies, values, and attitudes required for the holistic development of learners, such as: collaboration, self-discipline, resourcefulness, and respect for the environment. Therefore, it means that new approaches, which are aimed, on its development should be implemented into the educational system.

Many organizations in Europe have taken an interest in the problems of improvement of high education by implementing new approaches. For instance, National Learning and Work Institute (England and Wales) situated in UK is one of them. This is the one of the organizers of Festival of Learning. Festival of Learning is part-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) to help promote ESF activities and successes in the field of educational policy support. The ESF is a European Union initiative that supports activities to extend employment opportunities and develop a skilled workforce. Established by the European Union, the European Social Fund helps local areas stimulate their economic development by investing in projects, which will support innovation, businesses, skills development, job creation, social inclusion and local community regenerations. This is a sufficient financial support of high education because of investing over lb2.5 billion in England in the 2014-2020 programme to extend employment opportunities and develop a skilled workforce for students org.uk/info/european-social-fund).

The recent project supported by EU in the frame of the Seventh Working Programme of Horizon 2020 - "Idea Garden". This is the project based on the motivation to better support creative practices and the goal to bridge the gap between traditional, often fuzzy, nonlinear work practices and the available ICT infrastructure. The idea is to implement a creative learning environment, which will consist of state of the art hard, and software technologies that assist during all phases of the creative process . This is a response of educators to the demands of creative economics. It is very important to notice that the problem of new technologies in the system of high education is actual because of increasing social problems worldwide. In particular, the problem of social cohesion and its educational background is actual and will be considered in more details.

All these technologies will positively impact on creativity and social cohesion development of all subjects of educational sphere. However, this way of learning is similar to instrumental learning and does not solve many actual communicative, psychological and social problems. They are seemed to be appeared nowadays and continued at least at the nearest future. Therefore, it is necessary to implement into the educational system the different approach - more holistic and compatible with the actual social challenges. This is the transformative learning approach.

Transformative learning approach as cognitive adaptation strategy

Jack Mezirow of Columbia University has developed this transformative learning approach based on the Transformative Learning Theory. The history of this approach started in the 1970"s, after researching factors related to the success or lack of, and of women"s re-entry to community college programs [Mezirow, 1978]. His result was that a key factor was perspective transformation. When Mezirow studied the data of his original studies, he noted